Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and New Stadium Essay

Tottenham Hotspurs, Plc. This certain case has many different possibilities for evaluation which gives it much complexity and much liberty while evaluating it. The soccer business sure has a certain relation with the performance and their revenues which makes it highly unstable when speaking of forecasted income of the club. We must first value the firm at its current position in order to be able to value as compared to acquiring the new stadium and obtaining a new goal scorer. In order to do so we must evaluate the company by creating a Discounted Cash Flow analysis projecting the expected future revenues in the same current strategy which they are in. We would then lay out the future expected cash inflows with no initial cash out flow laid out due to the fact that they have already covered their initial expenses. We must take into account the growth rates that are expected for our liabilities such as capital expenditures, player salaries, depreciation, and such. We must then evaluate the growth rates for the cash inflows for the revenues expected due from increased ticket prices, product sales, sponsorship and televising their games. We must then implement these rates and growth in numbers to evaluate the future position a number of years down the line. We could then evaluate the current capital structure and their cost of capital in order to determine whether they are fairly valued and obtain a second analysis to compare with. We have sufficient data such as their beta and stock returns in the market in order for us to evaluate these numbers. The case also contains the current risk free rate which is needed when using the Capital Asset Pricing Model in order to obtain the cost of equity of the firm. After performing a multiples analysis we can then compare the two analyses and determined whether the firm is fairly valued. If it is then great, but if not then we have an even greater reason for Tottenham to look into the building of a new stadium. Now that we have their current position we must conduct an analysis regarding the â€Å"what if† the company obtained the new stadium and invested in a new striker. In order to do the following we must take into consideration the initial cash out flow of the new stadium and the two years that the company has to pay it given the current financial situation and their cash excess which is mentioned in the case. Once we have this we can then forecast a pessimistic, a mediocre, and a pessimistic evaluation of their ticket sales and create multiple cash flows which consider the growth rates of all of the costs and revenues that the company will incur given this following move. Once we have this analysis we can then create the same analysis given that we stay in the same stadium, but we invest in a new striker (optimistic, mediocre, pessimistic). Once we obtain the cash flows from the two options mentioned before, we can then infuse both cash flows and compare the position of the company if they were to take the options which they have available to them. We must also play into consideration that the competition of the league has a huge impact on the results of Tottenham as they can have a huge influence on them. For example, Manchester United invests in the so called next big thing in football or one team is on the rise.

HR Plan for Principle Financial Group Essay

Human resources are the most important aspect of any organization in today’s world. The developing idea of the necessity of HR department and the need of making the efficient and timely use of the organization’s resource for the betterment of the organization has taken recent importance. Companies that are the giants of business arena have made it sure that their sole target is not to keep their customers satisfied but also to ensure that their employees are satisfied with their work and they are giving their best output. The paper will look into the organization named â€Å"Principle Financial Group† that how the HR of organization works and how they are making it work better. Principle Financial Group The organization Principal Financial Group (The Principal) is a worldwide financial services contributor which provides an extensive variety of financial commodities, and is a U. S. leader in 401(k) plans. The Headquarters of The Principal are based in Des Moines, Iowa, USA. The corporation is serving more than 18 million customers globally. By September 30, 2009, the organization had assets amounting more than $280 billion. In May 2009, Fortune Magazine had listed The Principal as 273rd in the list of 500 largest companies in USA. It is also considered as the most Ethical Company of the world and has received many awards due to this quality (Principal. com, 2010). The organization was founded by Mr. Edward Temple in the year 1879 by the name ‘Bankers Life Association’ and it used to provide life insurance to the men aged between 22 to 55 years. Since then, Mr. Edward served as the President of the organization for thirty years and the organization saw its prosperity under his leadership. In the year 1985, after nearly a century, Bankers Life Company became Principal Financial Group (PFG). The company started to expand and decided to provide its services in other countries too that included Brazil, China, Argentina, Chile, Hong Kong, Mexico and India. In October 2001, the company offered its initial public offering and became listed in New York stock Exchange (Principal. com, 2010). The competitors of PFG are AXAHY. PK, John Hancock Financial Services Inc. , a privately held organization and Lincoln National Corporation. PFG ranks to be the highest amongst the three mentioned (Daily Finance. com, 2010). The Culture of Principal Financial Group Culture is the way people work in an organization. It the way employees are thought to behave and perform their tasks. Culture is an important aspect of any organization as with out culture and organization would not function properly. It may not seem to be an integral of any organization’s success, but when giant corporations are looked over, it would come to our realization that culture makes each and every organization distinguish itself from others. Cultures can originate from many factors and they can also become the permanent way of work performances. Stories, jargons, ceremonies are part of an organization’s culture. Culture can be formalized i. e. , followed strictly by the words of book, or it can also be simple. In which ever way culture is followed, it makes an important component of an organization and it also helps employees get familiarized with the place they work in. Culture of PFG Culture of PFG is very vibrant and helps employees enjoy the work they do. The culture of PFG is embedded with their commitment to honesty and togetherness. They believe in team work and they want to excel at what they do. There are certain components of their culture. They are: Commitment to diversity, Commitment to development, Commitment to community and Commitment to ethical practices (Principal. com, 2010). They have faith in diversity if employees in organization. They respect the employees which hail from different back grounds and consider that their experiences and their knowledge would help the organization perform better. They appreciate learning from them and value the differences present amongst each other. Development is important for the organization. Training to the employees is important and they accept the fact as true. They have their training programs and they enhance the capabilities of the employees’ not for the organization only, but they trust that employees should be given importance as they give importance to their work. Additional development openings are provided to the employees through Employee Resource Centers. These centres foster a way of learning amongst the employees. These groups give a proper work setting for the employees who have common interests, and they provide career development opportunities and reach out the community for the purpose of recruitment and selection. Some of the employees resource groups are; ‘Asian Employee Resource Group’, ‘Disability Employee Resource Group’, ‘Muslim Employee Resource Group’, ‘Women in Technology Group’ etc (Principal. com, 2010). Core Values of PFG Their core values are the factors that are critical to their success. They are factors which help the organization make its decision and they do not change. These factors give the organization its personality. They are customer focused and they believe that customers will help their organization grow and they are very concerned about what their customers want and desire. Be it any business or an individual that needs financial assistance, they make it sure that their customers are provided with complete choice and control in their financial provisions. Training and Development at PFG Training and development of employees is another important aspect of the organization. The organizations that ignore the aspect of training and development come across many troubles at the later stage of their organizational life cycle. They fail to stay in touch with the recent development in the environment and their response to those changes is laid back which results in failure. In order to stay in touch with the regular changes in internal as well external environment, companies must train and develop their employees. Importance of training and development can not be ignored. Timely training and development not only helps the employees, but it also provides organizations with competitive advantage over their competitors (Noe, 2009). Employee development is another critical to success factor of the organization. Excellent culture with growth opportunities is what PFG gives to its employees and it believes that continuous training and development will help them retain employees and would give satisfactory results to the organization. Change and innovation is another key to success for PFG and it works on it to help employees change with ease and flexibility (Principal. com, 2010). Profitability and sound financial performance is also the success factor of the organization. Along with operational brilliance they provide their customers with timely solutions and satisfactory results with their products and services. With fierce competition they are faced with, PFG has been able to remain an outstanding financial solution to many institutes and individuals (Principal. com, 2010). Recruitment and Selection When recruiting and selecting the employees, PFG follows the guidelines of EEOC. i. e. , Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. They are fully dedicated to the concept of the equal employment opportunities and it is evident through the diversity of the employees in the organization. The policy is to hire, train and develop employees regardless of gender, color, race, religion, pregnancy, national origin, sexual orientation, etc. Harassment of employees on these differences is strictly forbidden in the company. However, the things to decide their eligibility to the employment are their competence, qualification and their merit (Roberts, 2008). In the work place the employees are treated with great respect. Diversity in the organization makes employees accept each other’s differences as the basis of their learning and experience. The principles they follow at their work place are: work schedules are flexible to cater to the needs of their employees. They believe that employees should be given the required flexibility so they do not find hindrances in their personal as well as professional lives. Multicultural celebrations are norms at PFG. Employees learn the cultural celebrations of their colleagues and they respect each others traditions. This creates the bond between employees and they value the contentment of their partners. For the expectant mothers, PFG is very considerate to help them during their pregnancy. PFG provides prenatal care to the mothers and ensures that working mothers who are expecting their babies are to be taken care of. They do not discriminate them on their health issues. For Muslims, they also provide a separate prayer rooms to ensure that that religious obligations do not go unattended and it helps the employees respect the religious needs of their counterparts (Principal. com, 2010). Compensation Management in PFG Compensation management is other important aspects of an organization’s contend employees. Efficient compensation management gives the employees with advantage of performance management too. These two aspects are closely linked. Employees must know that their compensation would tend to increase if they outperform their colleagues and give performance that is beneficial towards meeting the goals of the organization (Berger & Berger, 2008). Compensation Management in PFG is based on the competitive salary system and salaries are evaluated yearly on the basis of the performance of the employees. They also get to participate in the annual incentive program which is subjective to the performance of the organization as well as the individual performance. They call it PrinPay (Principal. om, 2010). The organization’s compensation package is not just salary but it comprises of different benefits provided to the employees. These benefits are the medical benefits which can be customized by the employees according to their choice. Dental benefits include different dental services. Other benefits are vision coverage, wellness programs, and flexible spending accounts. Financial benefits provided to the employees include the retirement programs with 401 (k) plans, stock purchase program and treatment to short term and long term disability of the employees. The financial and health benefits are not the only incentives that are given to the employees of the organization. The employees enjoy the time off facility called ‘Personal Time off (PTO)’. The PTO is saved in a â€Å"PTO Bank† and employees earn extra hours at the year end. Nine paid holidays are given to the employees through out the year, and they are also given some time off for voluntary activities they want to perform. PFG does not believe in standardized compensation package and year end salary raises are all subjected to the performance of the employees (Principal. com, 2010).

An Appraisal Of Police Reforms In Kenya Criminology Essay

An Appraisal Of Police Reforms In Kenya Criminology Essay Police Services form part of the executive arm of the Government. Before the promulgation of the Constitution 2010, on 27th August 2010 they were referred to as Police Forces and were under the Ministry of State for Provincial Administration and Internal Security. The two Police Forces were the Kenya Police and the Administration Police Forces established under the repealed Police Act Chapter 84 and Administration Police Act Chapter 85 respectively. Together with other three sister departments in the Ministry, that is the NACADAA, the Government Press and the Provincial Administration, the five key departments are all answerable to one Accounting Officer under the Ministry. The Commissioner of Police has been the in charge of the Kenya Police Force while the Commandant of Administration Police, who before 27th August, 2010 operated under delegated authority   [ 1 ]   , has been in charge of the Administration Police Force. More often than not the Police have found themselves in crossroads with members of public and Civil Society Organizations. This has led to them being viewed as the key violators of Human Rights   [ 2 ]   . They have earned a title violators rather than protectors and keepers of Human Rights. The Alston Reports   [ 3 ]   on Judicial killings laid blame on Police on deaths and disappearance of youth without anybody accounting for them. Several shootings of innocent individuals have been associated with the Police guns. The duty imposed on Police of Protection of life and property has been reduced to perception that they are to eradicate life and property of innocent people. The experts on commission for enquiry and thinkers of reforms came up with recommendations in their report after the 2007-2008 Post Election Violence which associated most loss of life to the excessive use of force by police amongst other vices and omissions. Waki Report   [ 4 ]   indicate that the â€Å"security forces were powerless against the violenceâ € . Often, when we think of police reforms, the people concerned many a times tend to either forget or neglect the primary reason and function of the police service right from the initial stage it was formed to where they focus it to be, which is of great importance and should always be taken seriously. Peaceful co-existence and calmness in the society is the recipe for experiencing and enjoyment of freedom and human rights. With breach of this, society is bound to be in a chaotic state, confusion and fear. This is why police work always comes in handy if professionally applied backed with strong laws and reliable independent judicial systems. The society creates laws and puts in place the justice system to deal with law breakers; police on the other hand has a responsibility to enforce these laws within the society for the purpose of sustaining peace and calmness. When a society enjoys relative peace and order, it signifies that people obey the laws laid down with offenders bein g subjected to justice promptly. Strict justice systems and societies law obedience always ease the work of police. You can institute police reform, you can reorganize service delivery but you cannot alter the fundamental principles of policing and police operations. Reformers and reform agendas must be cognizant of another reality that police officers and police services are delivering something that some people in the society are opposed to. No one wants to be a victim of crime. No one wants the law, criminal or regulatory, enforced on them.   [ 5 ]

Design innovation in pakistan textile Literature review

Design innovation in pakistan textile - Literature review Example The university is committed to interdisciplinary and modern teaching. Its dedication towards diversity is essential an environment where learners, teachers, faculty in addition to other shareholders are exposed to manifold opportunities for personal, intellectual and professional growth. This university which is located in Quetta enrolls 1000 in a single semester. It received its charter on 18th July 2002 and is intended to be one of the best educators in Systems and Management attracting students from across the nation. It is currently offering bachelor and master degrees in Business Administration, Computer Science and Engineering as well as post-graduate diploma in Computer Science. Hajvery University (HU) is a government University whose motto is unveiling the veiled. It is a recognized institute of higher education started in Lahore Pakistan and is licensed by the Pakistan government as an Autonomous Degree awarding Institute. The institute has further started an addition of three campuses in Pakistan and the fourth one is under way in Dubai. It is recognized across the world through associations letting learners and staffs have the advantage of replacing agreements with more than 35 universities. The university enrolls 3,000-3,999 per year and has an exceptional employment records in Pakistan. Beaconhouse National University seeks to offer learners with an immense selection of course and degrees to select from, as per their career interests and personality character. Additionally, it offers broad-based learning whereby learners are exposed to different subject so that to get a better professional understanding of world, therefore preparing student for life opportunities as well as challenges. BNU is a government chartered university having been established in 2003 for bringing education with contemporary, rational,

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Personal Statement Example That is why I have always advocated charity clinics and free consultations for those in need whenever I have the time to spare. The volunteer service and hospital based training I did in India allowed me to treat medical cases that helped enhance my patient diagnosing skills. These were on the job experiences that came in handy when I came over to the US for further training. Although only a student under the supervision of internal/family medicine physicians, I am currently being allowed to develop my skills by working alongside them in clinical trials while I continue to pursue the requirements to complete my medical residency in the U.S. This type of interaction with both patients and fellow physicians has certainly come a long way in honing what I hope to be world class physician skills in the future. I know very well that I need to keep myself physically and emotionally well-rounded as well if I am to continue serving my patients to the best of my abilities. That is why I always take the time during my very busy work week to stay fit with various sports activities like tennis. I also make sure to set aside my weekends to reconnect with my family. These activities will help me deal with the high pressure job of being a doctor and has translated into continuously improving and evolving medical skills for my patients. I have been taught b

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Art - Essay Example It comprises of an image that is centered and surrounded by flowers. In this art piece, the image is a dress made of cloth, and for the head there is a small cluster of daisy like flowers. The periphery of the frame is lined by flowers and ribbons that adorn each corner. The lower escutcheon has a ‘Coat of Arms’ with words of advice or comfort. Robleto makes use of unusual materials for his art pieces and in this case he made use of homemade paper that was made from the letters received by the soldiers of war, cotton, colored paper, lantana stalks, silk, ribbon, ink, foam core, thread and cloth made from soldier’s uniforms. 3: Meaning   The meaning of the ‘Obsequies in Albany’ by Robleto is that of paying homage to those who lost their lives in the Civil War and it is considered to be a memorial for them. 4: Did you like?   Yes, I liked Robleto’s ‘Obsequies in Albany’ for both its simplicity and authenticity. I also liked it fo r the significance it held for all those who lost their lives during the war. I was also inspired by the materials used by the artist and his ingenuity in doing so.

Ethics and Professionalism in Medicine-Journal Essay

Ethics and Professionalism in Medicine-Journal - Essay Example In addition, when the time arrives to be finally seen to the doctor, the doctor is in sort of a hurry. Professionalism seems to be on the verge of being none at all in such situations. Hence, I posed a question concerning the care of the patient as to why they are neglected. The answer was that the patient is concerned about himself alone while, the doctor and the nurse also have other patients to tend to. This becomes stressful and although they try to balance it in every way there comes a time when it just slips out of their control. Although I didn’t find this explanation helpful, it can be justifiable. Relating another example, Cindy, a nurse was confused as to why a patient was behaving the way he was but instead of stopping and asking, she thought it better to send him for his tests. As she didn’t stop and think the reason behind the patient’s particular behavior; this makes the patient defensive and unwilling in return. There can be several reasons behind verbally abusive patient; it might be the pain, a psychological aspect or it can be the injury itself. It is important for the doctor and nurse to be aware of the patients’ weaknesses. Another aspect of ethics dangling on the borderline, I witnessed was that in some cases, the patient demanded as to why the information about him was given to his family without his consent. Or why he wasn’t aware of the disease he had. There are no steadfast rules regarding that but a viewpoint suggest that the patient has the right to know and to hold out information to anyone he want to. Here, ethics also deal with the coding that is done in order to safeguard a patient’s identity. In the hospital, I saw that coding is better than the conventional system as it gives assurance to the patient. A particular case which stuck in my mind was that a patient was willing to go through a surgery not as yet an area of expertise for the doctor. There were high risks but the patient was adamant. They finally decided

The Production of Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Production of Fashion - Essay Example The essay "The Production of Fashion" focuses on the alteration of the characteristics of fashion industry under the influence of branding, as related to the changes on consumer preferences worldwide. The review of appropriate literature has revealed that brands developed in the fashion industry have led to the differentiation of the industry’s trends, including the use of superseded garments. It is also proved that the structure and the characteristics of the fashion system allow the expansion of the above trend: by focusing on increase of their profitability, industry’s brands had to increase productivity, even if quality was decreased, more or less. Moreover, it could be supported that the increase of demand worldwide would not allow the industry’s brands to follow a different strategy, an issue that it is critically discussed below. The fashion industry, as part of the economy, is quite complex. Apart from a system for the achievement of profits, the fashion industry can be also characterized as a framework for the development of culture. In this context, the industry’s development is not an easy task. Influenced by economic recessions and changes in consumption trends, the fashion industry has suffered strong pressures that have caused the limitation of the industry’s profitability. For example, reference can be made to ‘the industry’s workforce in the UK for the period 1996-1997 which was estimated to 150,000 workers’, a number rather low if taking into consideration the size of the particular market.

Evaluating creative writing pieces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evaluating creative writing pieces - Essay Example This remarkably brings to fore the conflict of emotions and the certainty of motivation in the character, which is so human and universal. The dialogue between Karen and Danny systematically unfolds the plot, exhibiting a mix of stability and surprise that the readers are bound to find interesting. The pace of the narrative is steady and terse, managing to gently hold on to the readers’ attention, until it culminates into a pleasant, open ended and a positively relieving climax, with the entry of Peter or possibly someone else. The writer immaculately exhibits a firm and understanding grip over the child psychology. The usage and treatment of dialogue is touchingly sensitive and emphatic. The conflict within the main characters that are Carmen and Sebastian, which stands to be so external in its scope and treatment throughout the text, almost suddenly metamorphoses into a purely internal struggle that between the constrained temporal realities of Carmen and her troubled and versatile imagination. The hallmark of the plot is that instead of relying on elaborate explanations ensuing forth from some omniscient point of view, as is so common to find in such writings, it leans on a systematic and stable development of dialogue to elaborate on the mindset of the main character. The rawness of power struggle between Luis and Carmen is expressed economically and effectively. The climax is gripping, apt and emphatically touching, furnishing a delicate but perpetuating release. In that sense, this piece of creative writing is very masterly and mature. Considering the visible affiliation of this piece to the thriller genre, the writer has to a great extent succeeded in exploiting the so essential elements of suspense, surprise and violence, which are the standard and inevitable trademarks of this discipline. The characterization is effective and apt. The writer has successfully managed to lead the dialogue from an initial simplicity to a

Business Proposal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Proposal - Case Study Example The trust that has been created at various departments of the company has helped Tata to establish several institutes like Indian Institute of Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Tata Institute of Social Sciences among others. The employee welfare aspect of Tata is so strong that it had created various facilities for their employees. The employees have to work 8-hours during the day; provident fund and maternity leave are a few of the facilities that are provided to the employees of Tata Group. In the year 2010-2011, Tata Group had contributed around US$170 million towards the upliftment of social causes (Tata Sons Ltd, 2012). The main objective of the paper is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the leadership strategies implemented by Tata Group to facilitate its business in India and all around the world. Based on the analysis, business proposal will be presented to the company which can enable it to gain further benefits and ensure sustainability. Role of the Leader in Initiating and Managing Change Leadership in any organization plays a vital role to take it to newer heights. Similar scenario can be observed in case of Tata Group as well. It is recognized to transform its operations in recent years for initially operating as a slow-moving giant which is risk-averse to a conglomerate which is dynamic and aggressive in its decision making. In this turn-around of approach, the leadership standpoint of Mr. Ratan Tata, the Chairman of Tata Group has been a major factor. He has taken certain remarkable initiatives that have led the organization to attain major growth and distinction. Thus, Mr. Ratan Tata, as a pioneering and diligent leader can be largely attributed to the ensuing growth of Tata Group (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders of Tata have set up various strategies in order to get through the diverse competitive situations that took place at the organization. The leaders at Tata under the guidance of Ratan Tata have an immense sense towards directing the company at different directions depending on the demand of the company. The leaders of the company provide utmost significance to the employees of the organization and they gain a lot of importance in the company. The company shares five important principles like excellence, understanding, integrity, responsibility and unity (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders of Tata utilize all the five principles to overcome all the changes that take place in the company. Tata Group has set up cost leadership approach for further expansion of the organization. The leaders had analyzed the position of Tata through the business model of the organization. The Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM) has been the major driving force behind the transformation which has taken place in the organization. This business model has facilitated the company to ensure that business objectives of the company are attained keeping in consideration the due significance of r endering quality to the consumers (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders at Tata finally decided that if the products of the company become more standardized then the cost of those products can be reduced quite easily. This strategy helped the company to develop a steel industry at Jamshedpur. Moreover, it has been viewed that the leaders at Tata has gained success

I predict that the juice will have at least 2 Essay Example for Free

I predict that the juice will have at least 2 Essay I predict that the juice will have at least 2 or more of the same amino acids as the ones in the amino acid mix. I predict that the amino acid more likely to occur is aspartic acid, as lemon juice is acidic. Method We first extract some lemon juice from a lemon. Cut the lemon around the equator and squeeze it with a juicer.   Pour the juice into six tubes at approximately the same level each. Place the tubes in a beaker and weigh them (remembering to tare the beaker first). Make pairs of tubes of equal mass by adding or taking out juice with a clean pipette) and place them opposite each other in the centrifuge and set it to run for 5 minutes. After centrifuging the juice, pour all the supernatant into a beaker and wash out the solid precipitate from the tubes.   Take 2 samples of the raw centrifuged juice in tubes, label and put them away.   Add alcohol to the remaining juice with the ratio of 1:3 (1unit of juice to 3 units of alcohol).   Centrifuge the juice + alcohol after weighing out pairs of equal mass in the tubes again. Pour the supernatant into a beaker and take 2 samples if the juice + alcohol, label them and put them in a beaker to be put away. Results of centrifuged juice: Pair no. Mass of 1st tube Mass of 2nd tube Places in centrifuge 1 7. 85g 7. 85g 1,7 2 9. 82g 9. 82g 12,6 3 7. 20g 7. 23g 8,2 Results of centrifuged juice + alcohol: Pair no. Mass of 1st tube Mass of 2nd tube Places in centrifuge 1 10. 29 g 10. 29g 12,6 2 7. 32 g 7. 32 g 1,7 3 7. 69 g 7. 68 g 8,2 Making the chromatogram Before you begin spotting the chromatogram, you should:   Wash your hands (sweat contains amino acids)   Hold paper at edges. Place paper on two clean sheets of file paper   Only use pencil for markings on the paper Use a micropipette to spot the various substances on the chromatogram. They should be in the following order: Juice, Juice + Alcohol, Amino acid mix, Asp, Leu, Lys, Pro. We can now spot these substances onto the chromatogram. Dip the micropipette into a substance and touch the paper 5 times on the same spot, waiting a few seconds after each touch. However when spotting the juice + alcohol, the paper must be touched 7 times instead of 5 (Make sure to use the same micropipette for each component). After spotting all the substances, put the chromatogram onto a frame along with all the other chromatograms and place the frame into the fume cupboard and into the solution for the chromatography to take place. After chromatography had taken place:   Carefully remove chromatograms from the frame.   Spray with ninhydrin and then supply with heat for the reaction between the amino acids and the ninhydrin to take place, causing the colorless amino acids to show up in a certain color. Put an x in the darkest region of color for each substance and outline the entire regions of color too. Measure the distance between the origin and the solvent front, and the distances between the origin and the top, bottom and darkest region of each amino acid. With these measurements, calculate the Rf Values. My Rf Values: Rf ? Distance moved by component from origin Distance moved by solvent front from origin The order of calculations go up the chromatogram, h Therefore the 1st amino acid (aa) will be the one closest to the origin for that particular substance. Diagram of chromatogram in frame: Evaluation The amino acid found in the lemon juice was Aspartic acid, this supports my hypothesis. We can prove this because the x on the aspartic acid and the x on the 2nd amino acid in the juice are aligned, and so have traveled approximately the same distance from the origin, hence telling us that they must be the same amino acids. There is one other amino acid in the juice that we cannot identify using my chromatogram as it was not present in the amino acid mix. The spot did not align with any other spot on the chromatogram, and so showing that it is a different amino acid to the ones present. Not all the spots were the same size; some were a lot bigger. This could have been caused by too much of that substance being spotted onto the chromatogram, and so causing the amino acid to spread too much. After chromatography had taken place, the chromatogram was sprayed with ninhydrin and then heated. When a certain temperature is reached, a sudden reaction occurs between the ninhydrin and amino acids, causing each amino acid to give out a particular color. This reaction is helpful in making the amino acids visible to the naked eye. Because of the large spread of some amino acids, we end up with a large spread of color. This makes it difficult to determine the exact darkest region of that color, and so may cause the results to be slightly inaccurate. An example of this is with Leucine. I may have added too much Leu onto the chromatogram, causing it to spread quite largely, resulting in a large purple spot. I had marked what I thought was the darkest region of the spot with an x. However that mark was aligned with the mark for Pro and so indicating that they are the same amino acid. This is impossible, but may have been caused by either: Misinterpreting the darkest region of the spot (marking the wrong place) Accidentally using the same micropipette for two substances It would make more sense if the mark on the spot for Leu was closer to the top of the spot, where it would be aligned to one of the spots in the amino acid mix. The 1st amino acid spot for the juice had a smaller spot within it. The smaller spot even showed up as a different color to that of the larger spot, so it must be just another amino acid, not present in the amino acid mix. I could have improved this experiment by making sure that I do not add too much of a substance onto the chromatogram, by getting a second opinion on whether I had marked the darkest region of a spot or not and/or by using a wider variety of amino acids to identify the other amino acids in the juice which do not align with any others.

Mini Motor Homes Manufactured Essay Example for Free

Mini Motor Homes Manufactured Essay This case is about Mini Motor Homes Manufactured by Jim Ballenger in Kalamazoo, Michigan. According to the case, Jim Ballenger has a problem to make a decision to change his current inventory system to JIT system. From the current inventory system, Jim has spent a lot of cost on his inventory system. This is because mostly of the component used in manufactured are bought from other vendor and his company actually only manufactured very few of it component. Because of this, the transportation and inventory cost contribute to a relatively large portion of its component part of expenses. Jim Ballenger was very aware on the cost that may arise once the JIT system adopted. The cost that he may be aware to arise is the cost of management standpoint, the shipment of the component and the rate of the component purchased. Besides that, he also has inquiry about the component purchased will be arrived on time or not or the duration taken of delivering the component. This is because, if the component are not suitable to use, his team has to replace it and it will entail expensive rush order for the replacement component or the downtime for the entire plant. Jim Ballenger also concern about his relationship with his suppliers. He thought that his supplier may difficult become one part of his team. Since the supplier will expect to have special effort on their quality control or delivery flexibility on behalf of one of its almost miniscule discount. Jim Ballenger has been rent a public warehouse near his plant to keep his inventory that cost $500,000 to $1,000,000, which he paid more than 1. 5% per month from the borrowed funds to buy it. Since he starts to producing the different model, and using so many different appliances, the cost of the safety stock increased day by day. The JIT presume table has drawn with two considerations. Since the major component, chassis can be purchased at one time basis from the local supplier and out of stock situation is hardly happen, thus this component has excluded from using JIT system. The two considerations will be (1) Ballenger’s inventory carrying costs of are assumed to be 20% per year on the average investment in inventory on hand comprising acquisition and transportation costs, (2) those components that can obtain from closer sources, one week of the safety stock is sustain, if the component is further form the stock, two weeks to one month of safety stock should be available.

A Brief Introduction To Cosmetology Beauty Essay

A Brief Introduction To Cosmetology Beauty Essay Cosmetology: To begin with, a brief introduction to cosmetology. This by definition is the study of beauty and beauty treatment. It is divided into various specialties; there are those that deal with nail care. Others deal with hairstyles and hair cutting; these are barbers or hair stylists. Nail care deals with manicures (hands) and pedicures (feet) also there are those that shampoo hair. To be a cosmetologist one requires training and licensing so as to operate fully as a practitioner legally. The following paper shows how I obtained my license for cosmetology and also the running of my beauty salon. s 1. Describe the experience by telling who, what, when and why you participated in the training. Be specific in your response citing dates and places and the length of time of your certification. If you have a license, tell what was needed to obtain and maintain the license. Im a licensed cosmetologist and since 1998, I have been holding a license which I earned from Premier Beauty salon located in South Bend Indiana. All along I have gained experience and skills both informal and formal in the world of cosmetics. This has been achieved by working with various clients and handling customers in my own shop, Versatility Creative Hair care which was established in the year 2000. I have attended various training courses that are relevant to my line of work. These include Introduction to Cosmetology which was held in South Bend, IN within the dates 7/24/98-7/26/98. For 7 hours daily. This deals with theory of long graphics, haircutter, roller and pin-curl placements blow dry and ironing among other aspects of hair cosmetology. Here I got to interact with my clients and take care of many of their preferences. This added to my people skills as I earned myself trust with some of the customers after doing their hair well. These theories and aspects are very essential since introduction to cosmetology is the firm base for cosmetology as it provide an outline of what the course is all about, since cosmetology is broken down in various fields, I did hair and beauty where I specified with hair treatment, how hair is supposed to be cut trimmed and according to client standards. Another major class I undertook is Cosmetology I: this took place in South Bend, IN within the dates 7/23/98-7/24/98. For about 7 hours daily. This covers topics on various hair color, hair related disorders, thermal hair straightening, manicuring, hair shaping and hair styling. Cosmetology I served as a core subject for me since topics like hair related disorders and learning about various chemicals is very important due to effective handling of some of my clients complaining of hair disorders. I administered various chemicals carefully investigating each clients hair type. This adds credit to my professionalism as I serve also as a consultant. Cosmetology I. there are some chemicals that are harmful to hair and nail that could have negative impact either on the client or the cosmetologists health and therefore cosmetology 1 is very relevant as it helps in getting prevention from adverse effects like the ones mentioned above Cosmetology Laboratory I: held in South Bend, IN within the dates 7/23/98-7/27/98. For about 8 hours daily. I gained first hand practical skills discussed in Cosmetology I and Introduction to Cosmetology. I gained interaction with clients further improving my people skills while still taking the course. This has proved as a foundation for my relationship with my employees and customers and also application of my skills to the clients in my shop today. At the end of this course, evaluation was based on how I interacted with the clients, people skills, how well I was competent with the course content, how I administered various cosmetic products to my clients and also in order to achieve this license, you had to be very practical and professional in your overall output. First students work with mannequins before actually working on actual people just in the same case as medicine students are first given corpses. After a little experience, they are taken to the floor and actually handed clients, concise care is needed as you apply the skills acquired appropriately. Practical work in cosmetology is the most important concept since the theoretical content without actual practice is baseless and void. I completed another course, Combined Techniques Shop Application- within the dates 7/23/98-7/23/98. For about 7 hours in this course all the tasks that have been assigned are supposed to be performed where an analysis will be performed to check the accuracy. I had to be accurate on this one since three quarters of the work has to be efficient and accurate. Haircutting II, III and Hairstyling II: within the dates 7/24/98-7/28/98. For about 7 hours daily. This training took place in South Bend, IN Between. In hairstyling I learnt the various modern hairstyles that are used. This came with graphic demonstrations where I learnt about the various styles I would try on my clients. It also gave me a setting to have a clear mind on how I would come up with my own designs. In Haircutting 2 and 3, I gained more practical skills in the laboratory and prepared myself more since this was necessary for the state licensing examination. 2. Reflect on your experience and relate your thoughts and observations. Was this experience valuable? Why? Why not? Through day to day activities in training, I got to have pretty many observations. Not always everything was about hair, manicure or other beauty therapies. There are cases I had to deal with people suffering from various disorders like acne, whiteheads, pimples whereby I had to administer various cosmetics for them. For example I observed that many clients had acne and would come to me for consultancy. I got to advise one lady who had an affliction of rosacea to use a special cream by the name Rosacea Homemade cream as well as a special herbal remedy that I had learnt of from my facilitator. The lady purchased the product but did not follow the right dosage and therefore the affliction never subsided. Therefore my thought on this is that if administered any product by a licensed cosmetologist then its advisable to continue its use unless the side effect are severe and this is where a medical practitioner is consulted. Another quite important observation that I made was that if you w ere to succeed in this course, you are never to miss classes. The coursework is very relevant and each topic covered will prove handy in either practical sessions or in the workplace. While at Indiana, most of my fellow students assumed sessions and missed training. This proved to be very disappointing since you could see the disparities between them and the rest of the students in practical classes like Cosmetology Clinic I, Cosmetology Clinic II, Cosmetology Clinic III and Cosmetology Clinic IV. Training is very relevant in the work field ahead. I chose to pursue cosmetology due to the passion I had for it. It deals with many fields of work namely: Home care/personal services- deals with home beauty care Makeup artists and aestheticians- are situated in the film industries and movies to build up costumes and attend to actors Hair and nail care- here manicures which is the preparation of fingernails i.e. sharpening, filing, etc. hair is also dealt with whereby hair is cut and shaped according to the clients wish. Cosmetology specialists also take care of the dead bodies in morgues before last respects are paid. This is to make the corpses look good before burial. This line of cosmetology is very tough and isnt for the faint hearted. My view of this line of work is that only those who are brave enough and are well aware of what they are doing will succeed. Then theres the hair salon (and barbershop) where this is my favorite whereby most customers in my shop come for complete makeovers where hair is cut and styled to their desire. One of the major advantages of this course is that many who join it are very joyous and enthusiastic in their work like myself but at first it wasnt that easy since I had difficulty in dealing first hand with customers, handling their hair, hands, feet but now after I attended the course in detail, had many practical sessions, I gained my experience and now since then, I can handle my clients with ease and gain trust with customers just by performing a good job on them. I am glad to say that I have many clients who cannot go to any other Hair salon or beauty centre. I have learned to consult with my employees (3 full time stylists and 1 Barber) they serve a great deal in improving the shops reputation since they are well qualified and have the appropriate people skills to offer 100% output. Also as the founder of Versatility Creative Hair Care Designs, I have gained the appropriate management skills to run my shop better and these management skills are not only to be used in this bus iness but also in other investments/businesses that I have. This experience is very valuable in all aspects of my day to day activities because all the skills gained will be applied everywhere. It is therefore very relevant. 3. After reflecting, identify specific concepts, theories, rules or principles that would make this a college learning experience. A principle that is important in making this a learning experience is that one has to be dedicated in doing his/her work. As stated earlier this line of study and training has to come from the heart in that a student must be committed in performing all jobs pertaining to cosmetology since it is broken down into various fields, cosmetology has some limitations e.eg in the line of those that work in morgues. Some may dislike the work involved and even drop out. This proves to be a learning experience in that one is able to chose his/her line of work at an early stage. During the course, students interpret and learn how to practice various aspects of safety sanitations cleanliness and proper hygiene. This is relevant in gaining college experience. While at the centre I gained leadership, management, teamwork and people skills which are very essential for success in the workplace, training centre or any other relevant field. Other skills are now relevant to the field for example haircutt ing skills evaluating scalp and hair disorders. Another rule with this study is that the cosmologists must have the right attitude toward their work. This I learnt during a seminar I attended in Atlanta on 9/25/2000 where we were taught what happens to those with a bad attitude to their clients. Also at this time I attended a hair show in Chicago where I learnt different styles of doing hair. As a student, this skill is the most essential since you deal with real life human beings with feelings as opposed to the mannequins that may be used in class. To add to that point, professionals are responsible for applying problem solving and decision making skills. This is used either in the school, society or workplace. You have to be a team member in order to succeed in this field of work. For example during the training, I got to research valuable information in various cosmetology industries and this created diverse knowledge for me and gave me a firm base for the preparation and setting up of my shop which I in good operation till now . Sales Technique was a class that I took that assisted me in selling skills; these are the work of a salesperson where selling skills are acquired and prove to be relevant since they are used everywhere. Conflicts arise in all workplaces in the society. Conflict resolution is one of the concepts that are very much needed by someone who is pursuing this course in a Beauty college. I also have attended another seminar also held at Atlanta that covered conflict resolution and also demonstrate the methods that are needed and are used to resolve conflicts. Another major principle is that effective communication skills are very essential; throughout school be it from the lowest level of education to the peak, languages are a core thing to have knowledge about. A language like English is used in speech (while dealing with customers), writing, (e.g. writing orders and letters) and therefore learning it is a key thing in the college world. Concentration and alertness is another core value in being a cosmetology student. Practices like designing wavy curls on hair, nail artistry requires full length attention on the client so that a perfect job is performed. I learnt that I had to very attentive and steady in order to produce top output. I also had a chance to talk to clients and analyze what they like and dont like about the service that was been administered to them in terms of hair care, manicures, pedicures, and purchasing of cosmetic products. I developed a persistent side where I would make sure I understood my client in every aspect and that contributed to my alertness since I wouldnt want to have them disappointed in me. The concepts that I covered in class I was quite able to perform them practically since most of my coursework is practical; I had courses like Special Topics in Barbering Technology where I got an opportunity to go to workshops and seminars in Chicago. Here I learnt how to follow instructions wh ich is very effective in team work and management skills in the office. In a unit Shop Management, I learnt techniques for establishing a barber shop which provides skills and concepts of record keeping/book keeping, personnel management where you deal with employees and how to deal with them in the workplace. Supply management is another aspect taught where principles of marketing and supply are practiced and acquired. Public relation is also another major concept I gained which deals with how you relate with people everywhere in the society. Be it people of higher stature than yourself or lower than you learn how to effectively deal with them. Here I get to learn to respect my employees even to this day. I learnt how to share information with my fellow students and those I worked with. Since this is a people-oriented field, I learnt how to work individually with my customers and make them feel good about themselves which is a morale booster even for the workers. Courtesy which is an important virtue in life is also acquired. I learnt to be a hard worker since cosmetology is a very competitive field. This competition makes workers extra active since they have to produce the best. I have also learnt to be tolerant and patient since most of my work and other cosmetologists is done either while standing up or even kneeling. Therefore this can be very disturbing for someone without the principle of patience. Since my schedule is not usually fixed, I have learnt to involve myself in other life affairs and also decisions like changing of the location of the salon which can be done with ease. It helps in that I can create work schedules of my own thus improving my time-management skills. A creative mind is developed in the cosmetic world where I have increased my thinking in coming up with new designs to serve my customers, this new designs are in terms of hair styles, new manicure and pedicure styles, am thinking of expanding the spa too. Through teaching, I have been able to distribute my knowledge since I lef t college in 1998 through several forums and seminars where I have shared my knowledge with others. Cleanliness and personal hygiene is a key principle in cosmetology. This is because cosmetologists must keep every region that they are working on clean and also the equipment has to be thoroughly sanitized and sterilized. You wouldnt want clients being exposed to germs and bacteria due to an unhygienic beauty salon. This is where I acquired more skills relating to the hygiene and maintenance of a salon. I always made sure that the working areas together with the instruments are in perfect condition. The cosmetologist should also be very well groomed and clean as this makes even the client very free and comfortable while being served. 4. Tell how you have applied these learning concepts on your job and in your personal life When I learnt how to be alert and attentive in class especially while dealing with clients in their various beauty treatments, not only has it helped my cosmetology career but out in the world I has helped improve my beauty salon. This means that I can focus on the various prospects that my business has to offer. Now I can manage my salon carefully analyzing the invoices coming and going out of the salon, orders also coming and going out and Im able to manage them effectively without the introduction of external parties. Also by being alert and attentive, I can relate with my clients better because better because by listening to them (also a skill I fully developed) I get to learn what they rely want and serve them or allocate them to someone who will serve them properly. As a result of this, trust is gained and I had mentioned earlier, you will not lose your customers easily. Following instructions being another skill I developed has become very important. My work is client oriented and this is when a client comes in and gives the instructions and then the work of the stylist is to follow them to finite detail, carefully not to disappoint the customer and therefore that is also why high levels of courtesy have to be maintained. Instructions are found in very many instances of life, airports, hotels, police stations only to mention a few. By learning how to follow very little instructions from people of all kinds then I have n problem in following instructions outside my line of work. This creates a good reputation for me and enhances my people skills even more. Dedication was another characteristic that I picked up along the line. Many factors lead to ones dedication in his/her work since this is where one gets his/her income to feed the family. Therefore extra devotion has to be carried in every field of work. In my case I learnt that my work if done by a person with no dedication, would result to be tiresome and a waste of time. And this reflects to all careers since in most cases, people tend to repeat the same thing that they do day-in day-out suggesting a robotic-like manner of work. Therefore I learnt that I must avert myself from the world of despair to succeed and thats where dedication comes in. Due to competition in the field of cosmetic products and constant need for beauty among human beings, the field of cosmetology will never cease to grow wider and wider. I have grown to be a very hard-worker in order to compete with other cosmetology companies and beauty salons in terms of offering client services and selling of their produc ts. This opens up for creation of new ideas for styles and products. This concept is applied diversely in personal life since hard work bears good fruit. As a mother, father or even a single person, there must be some element of hard work. During my free time I find myself sparing some time to analyze and consider how I can run my salon better. Effective public relation is one of the core subjects that are taught in the fields that involve dealing with clients. These include diplomats, front-office managers, secretaries as well as cosmetologists. Public relation involves ones behavior while dealing with clients and how one is able to manage conversations between people involving transactions, meetings and other aspects of interaction. As a cosmetologist you are taught almost in every training course how to deal with a client in any situation. I learnt how to serve clients and this is not a theoretical aspect but rather 100% must be put into practical where the student interviews the client and finds out what he/she wants, the client either agrees or disagrees or adds on to the opinion. Public relation is essential in every persons life and in every aspect of life. I improved this skill while still receiving training and this has helped a lot since my interaction with people outside my workplace is very efficient. Decision m aking, critical thinking and problem solving skills are other major rules that must be present in every cosmetologist. A situation presents itself and from it a critical analysis has to be performed, the problem solving skill applied and an appropriate decision made. This is usually done very carefully since in most cases it is a very crucial situation that leads to strong effects. These are usually looked at from the perspective of what if one event occurs, the effect it will have to the other. In modern day to day life, one may not know it but these situations do occur. In my case such affected me in that I made very tough decisions when setting up my salon and also there are critical problems that face the shop that either I have to solve alone, or with my employees. Knowledge is power. I conducted various research both during training and while I worked. During this research I had a chance to increase my knowledge in the cosmetology world. This opened a chance for me to be invited to a seminar and also provides a firm base for me as a consultant to my clients and other cosmetologists like myself. Also by being creative and open minded, I have not only created new designs for my salon but also at home I have used creativity to improve my houses interior design and make it look brighter. I have acquired book keeping skills as a result of being an entrepreneur and shop management skills. This is very efficient since the skill can be transferred to other investments and businesses of interest. In conclusion the college experience was very relevant as it boosted my career and helped me not only in acquiring personal skills at work and in the management of my salon, but also gaining diverse skills that are applicable in day to day life.

Creationism in Public Education Essay -- Religion

A hotly debated topic these past few years centers on the origin of life. Now more than ever, science and religion are butting heads trying to come up with a conclusion, and one that public schools would teach to their students. Alex Rainert, meanwhile, reasons that both â€Å"science and religion are engaged in the same project, to discover the origin of life† (141). In short, one could better describe the debate as a crusade between evolutionists and creationists. Both sides have their well-founded arguments, but when one looks at the decisions of the courts, clearly only one side may win the battle when deciding biology curriculum in schools. Despite the overwhelming number of people in favor of teaching creationism in public schools, it may be better to leave science classes free from matters of religious belief. In 2004, Sharpes and Peramas report that â€Å"nearly two-thirds of all Americans surveyed favored teaching creationism together with evolution in schools,† according to a poll organized by CBS Broadcasting (qtd. in Costley and Killins). Thus, it seems as if the public has bought into the fair play argument proposed by creationists. After all, why not have a place to teach equally credible theories of the origin of life in schools? (Eldredge 634). Chet Raymo, a noted science professor of physics and astronomy at Stonehill College, rejects this notion, stating, â€Å"one might as well give equal billing to those who believe the Earth is flat† since creationism stands on little factual ground (156). At any rate, the U.S. Supreme Court illustrates that teaching creationism puts pressure on minorities to conform to the obviously favored religion when the power of the government backs up the theory (qtd. in Anti-Defamation League ... ...ligion Will Transform Your Life and Our World. New York: Penguin Group, 2007. Print. Eldredge, Niles. â€Å"Creationism Isn’t Science.† The Conscious Reader. 6th ed. Ed. D. Anthony English and Eben Ludlow. Needham Heights: Simon & Schuster, 1995. 633-638. Print. Hickman, Cleveland Pendleton. Integrated Principles of Zoology, sixth edition. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1979. Print. "Of Darwin, Dover and (un)intelligent design: scholar says the future of science— and Church-State separation--are at stake in the creationism/evolution conflict." Church & State 62.2 (2009): 10+. General OneFile. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. Rainert, Alex. â€Å"Creationism V. Evolutionism in America’s Public Schools.† Cooke 138- 41. Print. Raymo, Chet. Skeptics and True Believers: The Exhilarating Connection Between Science and Religion. Walker Publishing Company, Inc., 1998. Print.

Richard Nixon :: essays research papers

Richard Milhouse Nixon was a very prominent politician in the mid 1900’s. His solid upbringing and vicious campaign tactics led to many political wins. It also led to many political enemies. Much of the public thought of him as a great American president until his down fall in March of 1973. I think that Richard Nixon was a good president, but in the end went to far.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard Nixon grew up in a small town in California. His dad operated and owned a grocery store where Nixon spent most of his time working. The town that he lived in was very religious and even prohibited alcohol. Nixon’s classmates thought of him as a cocky yet bright student. When Nixon was in high school his older brother died. This is the time when Nixon felt he had to prove something to his mother. Nixon’s first political campaign race was for senior class president. He lost. This was one of only two political loses ever dealt to Nixon in his whole political career. Nixon, after high school, was offered a scholarship to Harvard, but couldn’t go because family illness. Nixon went to college and later law school and became a known Republican in his area. Nixon was now going to run for public office.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nixon’s first stab at political office was when he ran for the Republican seat in the House of Representatives against Jerry Voorhis. Nixon started his dirty campaigning in this election when he made suggestions that Jerry Voorhis might be a Communist. This is where I feel Nixon went to far. In a public election you let the people decide whether or not Jerry Voorhis is a Communist. That is why the people have the right to vote. If you use the name-calling tactic you are completely going against the reason public elections are held. Nixon won his seat in the House of Representatives. While he was in the House he was on the Un-American Activities Commission. This “commission'; specialized in the hunting down of Communists in America. This is one of the sickest displays of American paranoia I can even think about. These people on the commission would scare, coax, and make people say that their neighbors, colleagues, and sometimes-even relatives were Commu nists and then they would put the people whose name they got in black books. These black books would assure that the person couldn’t get a job or get a loan or even friends.

Methods of Communication at Portmeirion :: Computer Science

Methods of Communication at Portmeirion ========================================== In this section I am going to describe the different types of communication within Portmeirion together with the use of ICT. Here are some examples of written communications that Portmeirion use; * Letters: ICT now have a major part when writing letters because a lot of company’s prefer to word process them as it quicker, simpler and neater. Letters can be sent home to make customers aware of the latest offers. * Notes can be used to inform work colleges of meetings with the rest of the company. * Faxes * Text Messages: * E-Mail: ict is used because letters are sent electronically  · Notices for Notice Boards): ICT could be used as they could display notices on notice boards using Word or Powerpoint or a DTP package – posters done on the computer always look more attractive and neater – also they can be saved an edited in the future. * Reports: could be written for major areas of development or concern using ICT. * Agenda * Records: of customers and daily sales etc could be saved on file using ICT. * Magazines: company’s could publish magazines and other promotional literature for sending out information * Diaries * Memos are used to remind workers of certain events and to pass messages between departments * Contracts and other personnel documents * Calendars * Invoices and other financial documents * Cheques (payments) * Graphs and Charts * Reports can be used to make reports on employees, purchases and exports. * Posters and leaflets are used for advertisements * Here are some examples of Oral Communication that Portmeirion use: * Telephone * Voicemail * Web Cam & video conferencing * Meetings * Answer Machine * Requests  · Office (could send messages) * Discussion * Dictaphone * Training sessions * Face to face talking * Vide * Interviews C2 C3 ===== Are methods of communication at Portmeirion effective? ====================================================== Portmeirion's communication is very effective in my opinion or else the business wouldn’t be as successful. This is because every business needs to communicate with its workers or the workers need to communicate with each other. A way that this is shown is if the Sales and Marketing department is doing a new promotion that they can tell the ICT department to send a letter out to all the customers of Portmeirion by mail merging which requires ICT Written communication outside of the business Word processing, excel, e-mail and fax are some of the ways that written communication is used outside of a business. These are very effective because if the company is doing a new production they can send a letter to all the companies’ customers by mail merging this means that they can send the same letter to different customers by

The dotcom bubble and the stock market fall in 2000-2001

Summary of the main points covered in my essay. How did the dotcom bubble burst contribute to the economic crisis of the 2008? Could we expect the similar crisis and how can it be prevented? What are the lessons that should have been learned from the dotcom crisis? When the global financial crisis occurred in 2008, both experts and general public started heated discussion as everyone was eager to identify the reasons for such a calamity. It is clear that nothing happens with no reason at all. Let's consider the famous speech1 of Ben Bernanke, who is the Chairman of the Federal Reserve System. In that testimony he tried to explain the causes of the recent financial and economic crisis to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, highlighting the vulnerabilities in different sectors of economics. The idea of inadequate risk-measurement that he focused on is very important for us, as this particular issue makes the recent crisis akin to the dotcom bubble we are about to examine in detail. (The same idea is one of the major issues of the next Ben Bernanke's speeches, where he underlines the importance of reasonable risk management and possible destructive effects of being too optimistic about the future of the economic system). To sum up, experts claim that flaws in evaluating the perspectives of new technologies in the 90ies caused the dotcom bubble burst in 2000, while the inadequate risk-measurement of the financial instruments connected to mortgages led to the global financial and economic crisis in 2008. Could we have predicted the economic disaster coming in 2008 and which lessons could have been gathered from the dotcom crisis? These are the questions that make the topic urgent and exciting to examine. To begin with, let's define the key term. What is a dotcom? Dotcom is a firm conducting its business mainly over the Internet. They usually possess a Web site intended for business use. The term is based on the â€Å"com† that forms the last part of the address for most commercial Web-sites. Now, what were the reasons for the dotcom bubble burst and what actually happened? (We should mention that this phenomenon is also referred as the Internet bubble and the Information Technology Bubble in many articles). It all started during the mid 1990is. The Internet was extremely popular those days and the Stock Market soared on technology and Internet stocks. Stock prices were rising and it seemed there was to limit for their value to expand. The masses believed there was a new world coming and the Internet was for sure to become the future of business. The steady confidence took place that the e-companies would turn future profits and there is no limit for technologies development. These expectations were reflected in the NASDAQ composite index. The NASDAQ composite is a stock market index of the common stocks and similar securities, which are listed on the NASDAQ stock market. The index reflects the performance of stocks of technology companies and growth companies. From January 1994 to February 2000, the it rose from 776. 80 to 4,696. 69, a 605% increase, and was influenced mainly by prices of high-technology stocks. But these expectations turned out to be far too positive. The market became overvalued. The Stock Market crashed. The culmination happened on March 10, 2000, with the NASDAQ peaking at 5132. 52 in intraday trading before closing at 5048. 62. (see the graph 1) Graph 1. NASDAQ composite dynamics2 The period when the bubble expanded rapidly was marked by the founding of many new small Internet-based companies commonly referred to as dotcoms. Many of them failed in 2000. A very specific phenomenon could be noticed at that time – the way for a new unknown company to become prosperous was just to add an â€Å"e-† prefix to their name or a â€Å". com† to the end. One of the authors called it â€Å"prefix investing†3, as the result of this simple renaming was the incredible growth of stock prices. I suppose that was one of the first indicators that something was wrong and the calamity was coming. But everyone considered it the steady development of the market that has big future. Alan Greenspan (an American economist, the Chairman of the Fed in 1987-2006) in 2005 said, that â€Å"this vast increase in the market value of asset claims is in part the indirect result of investors accepting lower compensation for risk. Such an increase in market value is too often viewed by market participants as structural and permanent†4. However, the situation isn't unique and appeared to happen again. When in 2003 nanotechnology became the â€Å"hot† thing, everyone started to add a â€Å"nano† prefix in their name. It seems that the lessons that should have been learned from the dotcom bubble burst were forgotten. Let's turn to the term itself in its theoretical sense. What is the bubble in financial markets? In a word, we say that a stock market bubble occurs when there is a rise or boom in the share prices of stocks of a particular industry. Meanwhile, the rise in prices usually bears little relation to the intrinsic value of the asset. The term â€Å"bubble† may be used with certainty only in retrospect when share prices have since crashed, as it happened in our case. An important basic characteristic of a bubble is the suspension of disbelief by most market participants during the â€Å"bubble phase. They fail to recognize that all of them are engaged in a speculative activity. That characteristic describes the dotcom crisis as well, as we already found out. It would be interesting to mention that financial bubbles have existed for centuries and one of the earliest crises of the type in known as the Dutch tulip mania. In the 17th century prices for tulip bulbs rose and finally reached extraordinarily high levels and then collapsed in the blink of an eye. The same happened to the stock of e-companies in the late 90ies. I suppose we can refer to this case as to â€Å"the dotcom mania†. The speculators who represent all the people in the economy that what to get high profits very fast, note the fast increase in value and decide to buy stock in anticipation of further rises, not taking into account that the shares are overvalued. Consequently the rise happens responding to the high demand for stock and many companies thus become grossly overvalued. When the bubble â€Å"bursts†, the share prices fall dramatically, and many companies are forced to leave the business. In order to be more precise, we can name five stages of any financial bubble5: First. Displacement. When people, especially investors, get enamored by a new paradigm, such as an innovative new technology or dotcom companies, as in our case, displacement occurs. That is the first stage of a financial bubble. Second. Boom. At this stage prices rise slowly at first, following a displacement, but then they gain momentum. More and more participants enter the market. All of them are determined to get prosperous as soon as possible. In case of dotcoms, a huge amount of small companies appeared on the market. The low interest rates in 1998-99 helped to increase the start-up capital amounts. Not all of them possessed innovative ideas, but they were sure that in the wave of e-companies they must succeed. No wonder they all had the same business plan of monopolizing their respective sectors through network effects. However it was clear that all of them wouldn't become successful as the competition was tough. For many of them the â€Å"get big fast† plan would fail. During this phase, investors become even more enamored by the asset, considering it once-in-a-lifetime opportunity that increases speculation even more. Mass media also played its role. American respected business publications such as Forbes and the Wall Street Journal, encouraged the public to invest in risky companies in the wave of the wide-spread euphoria. As the result, many â€Å"ordinary† people became investors, some of them even gave up their job to become fill-time traders. Third. Euphoria. During this phase investors as well as the whole financial system forgets about prudence and asset prices skyrocket. During the dotcom bubble, the euphoria stage took place in the beginning of March 2000, when NASDAQ composite reached its top at 5132. 2 in intraday trading before closing at 5048. 62. This and the previous stages can be clearly revealed from the NASDAQ dynamics (see graph 1). Fourth. Profit taking. By this time the warning signs of coming debacle can be seen. This is the point when smart investors can make fortunes by selling out positions and taking profits. However, it is obvious that it's very difficult to estimate the exact time when a bubble is due to collapse. John Maynard Keynes once mentioned that â€Å"the markets can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent. As for the dotcoms founders, few of them made vast fortunes when their companies were bought out before the collapse. Fifth. Panic. In the panic stage, asset prices change direction and descend as rapidly as they had ascended. Investors and speculators are faced with margin calls, which are â€Å"demands on an investor using margin to deposit additional money or securities so that the margin account is brought up to the minimum maintenance margin†6, and the value of their holding plunge. Consequently, they want to liquidate them at any price. The supply overwhelms demand, and asset prices slide sharply. In 2000 the market index fell by almost 11% and NASDAQ fell by about 41%7. To explain the bubble applying the tools of mathematics, we'll apply the most common concept that shows the existence of bubbles8. Considering the most simple case of price of a single share, the mathematical definition of an asset price bubble uses the fair price of a financial asset as its starting point. The price of an asset is the present value of the future cash flows, generated by the asset. pt =Et(dt+1+pt+1)/(1+r), here dt is dividend, pt is the price of the asset at a certain time t, and Et(i) is the expected value of the expression in the brackets based on the information available at t time. If the interest rate (r) is held constant during the whole period, then share price at t time (pt) in a general form can be given as follows: The first part of the sum on the right, which is the discounted present value of dividends, is the fundamental value of the share (pt * ). The remainder (bt) is a deterministic or the stochastic component satisfying the condition bt = Et(bt+1) /(1 + r), which is the asset price bubble itself. So, if the price of an asset is formed as following: pt =p t*+bt, and if p =? p*, then in the mathematical sense an asset price the bubble is formed. To continue our analysis, let's describe the consequences of the dotcom bubble burst in 2000. Many small companies and some of the largest ones were forced to file for bankruptcy. Some of them ran out of capital, some of them were acquired, some were convicted of fraud in their financial statements. WorldCom, which was one of the leaders in the market was found practicing fraudulent accounting practices to exaggerate its profits every year. As it was revealed, it's stock price fell dramatically, and finally the company filed for bankruptcy. Other examples include NorthPoint Communications, Global Crossing, JDS Uniphase and many others. However, some of the e-companies managed to survive the calamity. Large companies, for example, Amazon. com and eBay, are quite successful nowadays. Google also survived the turmoil and became one of the market leaders. As many economists predicted, harsh recession began from 2001. The crash on the stock market of 2000-2002 caused the loss of $5 trillion in the market value of companies from March 2000 to October 2002: the market value of NASDAQ companies peaked at $6. 7 trillion in March 2000 and bottomed out at $1. 6 trillion in October 20029. The economic bottom was the followed by 9/11 terrorist attacks of the World Trade Center's Twin Towers. CONCLUSION After the case of dotcom crisis the word â€Å"dotcom† started to be used with unfavourable inflecton. It is frequently used to refer to a poorly thought-out unsuccessful businesses. Experts claim that dotcom crisis was one of the events that preceded the global financial crisis in 2008. It was kind of a â€Å"rehearsal†, as the global crisis also contained a speculative bubble, though it embraced a much wider variety of securities. Luckily, the recession following the bubble burst of 2000-2001 was not as deep as it could have been thanks to very aggressive interest rates lowering. However, a deeper downturn in the financial activity is much harder to overcome. The Internet bubble is also similar to the recent downturn because they were both preceded by inadequate risk-measurement and agents' overconfidence. The financial and economic crisis of 2008 could have been predicted, if everyone was more prudent and learned a lesson from the 2000 dotcom case. In conclusion, I'd like to address the issue of a new Internet crisis that is predicted by some economists. Nowadays World Web companies place their stock at unbelievably high prices. Can a successful Internet project cost more than a huge transnational oil company? The common sense says definitely no, but investors have their own specific point of view. For example, the shares of Groupon, a famous discount service, we evaluated at $12,7 trillions, despite the company's loss of $400 trillions the previous year and gross debt equal to $420 millions. This estimation is not reasonable and very far from reality. Meanwhile, the expected IPO of social network Facebook is evaluated at $100 trillions. It can be the beginning of the Dotcom Crisis 2. 0. On the other hand investors are optimistic about e-companies, as they survived the recent global crisis, unlike huge interconnected firms in other fields, such as financial, machinery and so on. However, if the case of Groupon is not unique (which is so, judging by the investors' optimistic mood) the crisis can occur once again. The most important thing in preventing the possible debacle is being prudent. Investors shouldn't be too optimistic and should be sensible when acquiring assets. PR and advertising can be astonishing, however being reasonable means evaluating the real business indicators to make rational decisions. Risk-management is the field that shouldn't be ignored if we want to avoid new crises.

The Evolution of Total Quality Management

Until the industrial alteration in the mid 18th century, close to goods were custom make. Industrialisation brought about a fundamental shift from cottage manufacture cropion to large scale manufacturing. Simultaneously, industrial activity underwent extensive mechanisation. As explained by Ho, craftsmen were diminishing and being re amazed by visual sense mathematical convergence and repetitive plump practices. The butt with the new industrial era was to cook large numbers of the same result which overtopd processes to be put in place to operate on timberland as it could not be left up to separates.Cali explains that the shift a federal agency from the fruit of goods by exclusive craftsmen bought about the cornerstone of the accumulation line between 1900 and1940 in the States where products passed consecutively through various operations. Cali describes how normalisation became the tr extirpate adding that the prevailing caution thinking at this time centred more or less property jobs simple and under close supervision. The expectancy was that workers would meet standards only if closely supervised.The second demesne war played a key role in the maturation of TQM. Factories geared up for mass production and were split into functional de art objectments. At the end of the war, the States undertook the rebuilding of japans shattered economy. Amongst the many Ameri moves that were sent to Japan to support this effort was Dr W Edwards Deming. He was instrumental in convincing the Japanese to adopt the principles of industrial efficiency and gum olibanum the phylogenesis of the TQM theory was born. He advocated a climate of continuous improvement. get word to me Deming told the Japanese and in 5 yrs you testament be competing with the West. Keep listening and in short the West lead be demanding resistance from you.Using his TQM principles, outsetly with manufacturing and then to gross sales and other areas, the Japanese gradu i n tout ensembley unquestionable their own version of TQM so that by the 1970s, they had begun to dominate some of the manufacturing marketplaces. Deming believed they had simulatee this beca recitation they had knowlight-emitting diodegeable a fundamental principle of TQM that was summed up by Deming Nobody except the Japanese understand that as you improve lineament, you to a fault improve productivity.During the 1970s, Ameri put forwards eyeshot as the worlds initiatory industrial power had begun to decline. For event, the U.S. share of the manufacturing market in 1970 was down to 17% from a high in the 1950s of 35% (Cali pg16). Brown believes that the reason for this decline can be partly explained by the way American companies practised the art of watchs in manufacturing products whilst their Japanese counterparts embraced the TQM consumer needs messages promoted by musical note gurus including Feigenbaum who promoted the principle that The total composite product and service characteristics through which the product or service in use will meet the expectation of the customer (Feigenbaum in Brown et al, 2000, pg 194).The reaction by American firms to the success of Japanese was to adopt more(prenominal) of the principles taught by the American TQM gurus. Cali describes how Many American companies bring home the bacond success by re tapering their precaution on quality and by fashioning satisfied customers their top priority.During the early long time of manufacturing, superintendences were seen as the best way to fit quality within a descent. Ho explains that this is a process by which an artisans work was inspected on a frequent bases and a decision was made on whether or not the individuals work was at a high bringly standard. At the time this was seen as an gratifying way of insuring quality in a business, it break larger as the business grew and it created many inspection jobs.However, often as a business progresses, problems c an be more advanced and therefore require more technical skill which sort of often inspectors did not go through due to a lack of training. This resulted in inspectors ignoring problems with products in order to increase production, which obviously led to poor products giving the business a bad image.So gradually, during the post-war years (as Cali explains) a sea change began taking place in American management philosophy. as managers began to understand that work of employees needed to be acknowledged and that workers needed to be consulted if quality was to be improved.In Demings book Out of the Crisis he explains in his 14 principles that inspection is not the way fore if a businesses is to en surely quality. He says forfeit dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the need for massive inspection by building quality into the product in the first placeIt is around the time that we begin to see the issue of quality arrogance with more dialect focused on th e training and development of staff, recording of data and the accuracy in which things were measured. Brown et all describes how In the 1980s, leading-edge corporations sparked a r growth as they implemented core Quality programmes across entire organisations. In such a programme the province for quality is with the whole workforce. Each employee is creditworthy for the quality of their own job, their own actions. It could be said that responsibility for quality lies with ampere-second% of the workforce.Another TQM guru, Joseph Juran also influenced the thinking at this time by promoting the need for grooming and training in the workforce so there is no need for inspection. He added that quality should be about fittingness for purpose or use.By the 1990s, TQM was becoming the buzz word in the global business world. Cali says in his introduction to TQM that TQM is destined to become one of the most frequently used acronyms of the 1990s. He went on to say that growing numbers of CEOs in the USA and abroad believed that TQM was the wave of the future. incite of the evolution of TQM practice was the use of statistical quality control. This was quality control by using statistical rules. It was first introduced by an American physicist and statistician called Walter A. Stewart, famously cognise as the father of statistical control. His work was later progressed by Deming who use statistical control methods in America during World War 2 he applied his methods to many strategically of the essence(p) products thus improving the quality and output of manufacturing.The term Statistical Quality controller (SQC) is used to describe the set of statistical tools used by quality professionals in modern quality management practice. An example of this method is half a dozen Sigma. agree to Motorola six Sigma has evolved over the last two decades and so has its definition. The UK Department for Trade & Industry explains that sestet sigma is a data driven method for achieving near perfect quality. According to Berger, Six Sigma which began in 1986 as a statistically based method to take down variation in electronic manufacturing processes in Motorola Inc is now considered to be the most popular TQM method in the history of TQM. Six sigma is an enormous brand in the world of corporate development. To daylight, more than 20 years on, Six Sigma is used as an all encompassing business performance methodology, all over the world, in organisations as divers(prenominal) as local government departments, hospitals, banks and multi subject co operations.The establishment of modern day TQM tools and technologies such as Six Sigma brings the evolution of TQM full circle. Weve seen that quality evolution has become the quality revolution. In a relatively short time many companies have chosen quality as a strategic goal. As noted in Tom Peters and Nancy Austins originative work, A Passion for Excellence, explains that . winners compete by delivering a product that supplies superior value, or else than one that costs lessWeve seen from the Japanese that a focus on quality can bring success in terms of market share and profits. Companies in the West such as M & S and Mercedes Benz have shown that improved market share comes from doing the right things, all the time. Crosby really interestingly emphasizes the principle of doing it right the first time which means instead of having an inspection on quality, just make sure it is already up to scratch.Cali believes that the process of keep improvement was a key acquaint in the evolution of TQM. He suggests that the Japanese consider quality an integral part of product and process design. Cali adds In the unify States 20-25% of production cost goes to the quality pledge personnel who find and correct mistakes. In Japan, only 3 per cent of production cost is spent this way. Cali explains that the Japanese use TQM methods by assigning the in-process inspection to individual producti on workers who complete elementary statistical analyses and are authorised to take prefatorial corrective action. The result is greater individual pride in workmanship and high employee motivation says Cali. . Surely this is the essence of TQM and brings the evolution of TQM full circle?In conclusion, this raillery has attempted to explain how the evolution of TQM can be traced back to the early eld of the industrial revolution with its principles of inspection and focus on measuring the product to the ripe systems for improving and managing quality which we have come to know today. The key point to terminate with is that the change in quality management culture from if it aint broke, dont fix it to if it aint perfect, continue to improve it was not serial nor was it down to an individual guru or sphere but as this discussion has adumbrate it evolved more through a faction of developments in inspections, quality control, quality assurance and ultimately in the way these pr ocesses were managed and delivered.

Fast Food and the Risk of Childhood Obesity Essay

The prompt viands industry promotes puerility fleshiness by manipulating the young psyche, putting them at put on the line for wellness complications such as hypertension and diabetes. The super-sizing of the St takes is been a frequently talked ab forbidden subject lately. curiously since it is seem to contain veto effects on the health of electric shaverren and adults alike through and through massive habit of ready victuals. Health providers and opposite authority figures argon now concerned about clawrens corpulency rates shown during the past 3-4 decades.They have now drawn a close connection between de ground feed and obesity and identified a childhood obesity epidemic with increased negative health featureors. According to the American journal of public health, 2005 phratry push through, unbendable sustenance for thought retail sales eveningts in the United States have increased 900% from $16. 1 single thousand thousand in 1975 to a projected $15 3. 1 integrity million million in 2004, during the past 3 decades. The numbers of speedy nourishment restaurants targeting child and adolescent customers are prime to be clustered around coachs.With the addicting flavors and affordability of dissipated forage has contributed to ad aloneing the young minds gradu ally to grab the quick eat without second thought. Apart from the umpteen types of unfluctuating food offered inside the school cafeteria, Studies have shown the quick food restaurant outlets are multiplying around the school reason and neighborhood. The American Journal of Public Health estimated that at that place are 3 to 4 generation as more stiff-food restaurants within 1. km from schools than would be judge if the restaurants were located around the city in a way unrelated to schools. They in addition reveals that the median aloofness between any school to the nearest fast food restaurant is barely 0. 5km, which means, there is only a walk of minis cule more than 5 mints for any squirt to grab that delicious treat. both(prenominal) schools in the nation have already begun the bear on over against the fast food epidemic, although theyre a a good deal little percentage of the whole. The marketing strategies used by fast food brands intimatelyly target children and adolescents.In his book degraded sustenance Nation, Eric Schlosser describes the history of child marketing explaining the concept of kid kustomers McDonalds was the first fast food chain to direct their marketing towards kids. Schlosser explains how McDonalds took on the certain dodge from Disney, who by the time had under behave the way to success is approaching the kids and who intern get out attract a third society to the equation. They dumb that the best way to make sales with adults was to provoke the children who would keep whining until they got what they want. The ast food industry does not part until it would possibly attract both single kid kustomer possible. Beginning with famous cartoon characters, the fast food industry started big away abandon toys to children as compliment. They promoted unique collections of the current child attractions of super heroes and new(prenominal) toys such as stuffed animals and army troops. The constant publicise of such collectors editions, scratch and wins, party hosting ides with fun activities and alike, the building of personal play grand with structures was and still is a major attraction strategy used by the fast food industry.They manage how to manipulate a young mind in to thinking that love and care is about giving you food that tastes so good, and giving away free toys. The sole problem is not in just the types of fast food that is served in fast food restaurants-which are obviously fatty, oily and high in sugar content-but too in the fates. The subdivision size was drastically increased over the past brace of decades, bringing the once Large size portion as the now small size and having 5 categories as small, medium, large, supersize and combo meals in the ascending order.The confuse is, every time you go for the next big portion, the customers are made believe that they get more for less price, in turn making the sale a worthwhile exchange. Since it is all about the optical of it, the customers tend to over look that whether it is more for less, it is all too much than what anybody needs to bury per meal. Fast food tastes best when they are fresh out of the restaurant. No matter how big the portion is, fast food can be hardly eaten as leftovers. So children have gradually trained their stomachs-adults likewise-to restrict fattier, oily, sugary foods that come in super sizes.The initial issue seemed to be just being fleshy and obese, as these children who consume more fatty foods than requirement grew up to be a fat genesis of adults. that now, the fast food monster has bounteous bigger and wilder that it brings children hyper l ively health issues at much younger ages. Children in the United States are currently considered to be facing an obesity epidemic. lumbering and obese children are diagnosed with a number of health issues such as Type 2 diabetes, Hypertension, cholesterin and Lipid abnormalities, Hyperinsulinemia and obstructive Sleep Apnea.In her book, pocket-size and Over weight, Frances M. Berg, a licensed nutritionist and adjunct professor at the University of North Dakota inform of Medicine express that during the 1990s, cases of diagnostic diabetes for all ages rose 33% nationwide. She also explains by 2004 diabetes was the seventh leading cause of end in the United States and is the main contributor to health problems like heart illness, stroke, blindness, high blood pressure, kidney disease and amputation which occurs with increased frequency in overweight children and adolescents.Although many fast food restaurant businesses argue that they do not serve unhealthy food to their custom ers, the fact remains that since the rise of fast food restaurants, the obesity epidemic has only grown alarmingly. And as mentioned before, the portion size has massively increased, contributing to this epidemic every step of the way. This is now not just a concern of individual willpower but also a fight to save the nation as a whole. Studies show that children can be point washed to believe in anything with little incentives.With the fast food industry being the top manipulators of childrens mind, they keep stuffing themselves with the mouth watering hamburgers, chips and shakes. Apart from these critical health problems, obesity brings in other issues to a childs brio. David Ludwig, an cerebrate professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School has dedicated his life to researching and contributing to overweight reduction in children. He is the director of the Optimal charge for Life (OWL) program at Childrens hospital Boston, one of the largest clinics for overweight chi ldren and their parents.In his book, Ending the Food Fight, Lundwig explains the Vicious Cycle of poor diet and indolent life style which fosters many other negative factors in between. He lays out a slap-up picture of poor diet that resembles over eating, that lowers metabolism, resulting in sluggishness and low motivation leading to an unreactive lifestyle. Once this life style is acquired, the amount of calories stored in the body increases, causes fatigue and boredom, results in low ego esteem that succumbs to temptation for comfort food which contributes again to the poor diet that started out the cycle.He also explains in detail how obesity due to high-glycemic food intake-the type of food available at fast food restaurants-result in complications in a child in his/her Brain, Heart and blood vessels, lungs, digestive tract, hormones and also mental health. Obesity is also a cay factor in most childrens self esteem and performance levels. Dr. Sylvia Rimm, a Child Psycholog ist and clinical professor at Case Western reserve University School of Medicine describes in detail the region of Obesity in depression and quality of life of children.She mentions In a nationally representative see conducted in 1996-1998, researchers reported that more than 60% of kids ate 5 servings of food fruits and vegetables a day. Unfortunately these results were based on a broad range of vegetables that include potatoes. In illuminating potatoes from the vegetable group, Sylvia states, children who consumed five servings of fruits and vegetables a day dropped to 30%. This means the consumption of fast food is quite often as the most popular method of potato intake is through fries and fries are often not consumed by itself.The 30% that actually dropped was consuming 5 portions of potatoes a day. Rimm shows a wide range of depth psychology and research done on over weight/obese children on Self Description of Intelligence, Self-Description of Grades in School, Self-perc eption of Intelligence, self-deception of work ethic, Self-description of Athletic etc, of all which with ought a failure represented the obese and overweight children in the more negative side of the chart.When childhood naturalness takes a turn in emotional handle like this, it is high time that there is even greater attention be given to the issue of fast food that make unhealthy little human beings who are not only physically but also emotionally malfunctioning. To bring screen attention to the facts and analysis made on the fast food industry and childhood obesity obesity is currently exposing an unfortunate epidemic in children who consume the wrong types of food, in wrong amounts. The fast food industry promotes sales by manipulating the childrens mind with toys and other prize promotions, luring them in the friendly sympathize with restaurants.Children not only get to have intellectual meals, but they get rewarded with toys and more importantly critical health issues su ch as diabetes, hypertension and other heart and mental illnesses. The emotional lives of young children which is critical to having healthy physical and mental conditions in future(a) is also subjected to being obese/overweight resulted in too much unsuitable food intake. beingness from a South Asian country, I myself have faced the discomfort of fast food addiction as I grew up.I preferred less activity and ate out more times a week than necessary and ended up with low self esteem during my high school years. I was bullied I did not have guys who were at all interested in me or even good grades. I am just one person who went through this painful process of development up with too much tasty food. But I know there are many more who are entangled in the selfsame(prenominal) web. It is not easy to wake up one day and say to yourself, Im not going to be discouraged. We need help. And if as a whole world people need to stand up for the root of the problem, fast food, then isnt it worth the try?