Thomas Paine And Thomas Jefferson Essay - 2079 Words

In 1775 significant political changes that would have lasting consequences were just beginning to happen in the United States. Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson would play large roles in these changes. Thomas Paine was about to publish one of the best pamphlets, and Thomas Jefferson would soon write the Declaration of Independence, both having religious ties. Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson came to an agreement on the formation of the unknown despite their beliefs and differences, fostering independence that still exists 240 years later. According to The American Pageant, Thomas Paine was from Britain. Paine was a corset-maker’s apprentice. Paine had come over from Britain in 1775. The website history.com says that his father’s religion influenced Paine’s humanitarianism, and a strong interest in Newtonian science helped him develop hatred for governments that rested on hereditary privilege. He would become well known in 1776, after the publication of Common Sense, one of the most persuasive arguments for American independence. The American Pageant states, â€Å"He began his incendiary tract with a treatise on the nature of government and eloquently anticipated Thomas Jefferson’s declaration.† According to History.com, Paine’s pamphlet sold around 150,000 copies in 1776 largely due to Paine’s rhetorical and literacy skills. History.com also said that his message conveyed by his style was of a piece with his democratic politics: to understand the nature of politics, tha t all itShow MoreRelatedThomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson Essay example459 Words   |  2 PagesThomas Paine was one of the great supporters of the American Revolution. He was a journalist and used his pen and paper to urge the public to break free from Great Brittan. He wrote anonymously, yet addressed the public as he spoke out about his beliefs. 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This pamphlet contributed in promoting the independence of America. In the pamphlet Thomas Paine challenged the American colonists to separate from England and create a democratic and independent society. Along with challenging the American colonists, he hinted at his own opinions about a democratic government that America should plan towards if they seek to separate from England. Thomas P aine also bluntly proposed that the monarchy wasRead MoreClassical Liberalism And The Enlightenment1244 Words   |  5 Pagesdid this was by going back and rereading Roman and Greek texts and retranslating these texts. This new way of thinking also caused the Protestant Reformation to occur. Some of the most influential Enlightenment writers were John Locke, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and the people of France’s National Constituent Assembly. John Locke was one of the most influential writers during the Enlightenment period, and was the first â€Å"Enlightenment Thinker†. Locke is the author of the â€Å"Two Treatises† andRead MoreCommon Sense Vs. Declaration Of Independence957 Words   |  4 Pages Common Sense written by Thomas Paine in January of 1776, enlightened its readers and ignited the colonists towards the American Revolution. Common Sense was the first document that established a suggestion towards a constitutional form of government. The foundation of the main points in Common Sense were the upbringing of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson in July of 1776 approximately 7 months after Thomas Paine’s work of Common SenseRead More The Life and Accomplishments of Thomas Paine Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesand Accomplishments of Thomas Paine Thomas Paine came as a English man who didnt have much of anything, not many friends, not much money, but with the help of others wishing to keep him alive and give him a chance at a new life. Thomas Paine grew from a sick, unshaven, almost penniless, dirty man to a clean shaven man who helped band thousands of Englishmen together to fight for Independence. Thomas Paine was born in England on January 29, 1737. Paine travelled to AmericanRead MorePatrick Henrys Speech Rhetorical Analysis952 Words   |  4 Pagesjust apply to physically fighting soldiers, but, for the people fighting mentally. The authors of the important documents, that helped lay a foundation for America, had a ton of courage to speak their mind. The authors: Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson, used rhetorical devices not only to prove to Britain that their colony was worth fighting for, but also to influence colonists to join the fight. First, Patrick Henry, author of â€Å"Speech in the Virginia Convention†, uses allusions and

Analysis Of Flowers For Algonnon By Platos Flowers For...

In â€Å"Allegory of the Den† by Plato, he writes about prisoners chained in a cave. They all believe in one shadow, without any other truth contradicting them. But one day a prisoner was set free and let out of the cave. This prisoner sees the â€Å"sun† or the real truth, which is hard to believe at first, but once the truth is accepted the prisoner can’t believe they thought something any other way. In â€Å"Flowers for Algernon† by Daniel Keyes, this story has the same set up. Charlie Gordon had always thought that he was treated equal to his friends and colleagues. However after the operation is complete and Charlie gains intelligence, he begins to realize that they never believed him to be equal, but more as an inferior human compared to the†¦show more content†¦At first, Charlie went about his business as he would normally do, working in the factory, but as time passed Charlie realized that he was never friends with Joe Carp and Frank Reill y or remotely close to being taken seriously. This comes to be when they brought him to a bar and made a fool of him dancing but this time for Charlie, instead of laughing, he felt ashamed and upset: â€Å"Now I know what it means when they say ‘to pull a Charlie Gordon.’† (107.) This throws Charlie through a loop. He had been working alongside these people for a while now, truly believing that they were his friends only to find out he was only kept around for a laugh. This is when Charlie develops new feelings of embarrassment toward himself around others: â€Å"I never knew that Joe and Frank and the others liked to have me around all the time to make fun of me†¦ I’m ashamed.† (107.) This is upsetting because he thought when someone laughed at him, it meant they were your friends. Sadly it all turned out to be a lie, just like when the prisoner sees the sun and realizes that their past belief was far from the truth. Now that Charlie is intelligent, there was no way to return into the original cave and belief that Charlie had true friends. So he decided to move on and come to terms with the fact that true friends don’t make fun of someone because of a disability. Charlie now knows that friends should support people and try to make them feel welcomed. However, a couple days after Charlies

Strategic Leadership for Personal Computers and Media Devices

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Leadership for Personal Computers and Media Devices. Answer: Apple Company specializes in designing, manufacturing, and marketing of personal computers, media devices, and mobile communications. Furthermore, the company also designs portable music players, software, accessories, third-party digital solutions, and networking. Today, the company operates in US, Europe, Asian Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. Strengths Strong competitive advantage using Horizontal and vertical integration High average selling price (ASPs) Capability in RD Strong distribution channels Weaknesses Strong dependence on iPad and iPhone products Opportunity Expected future growth in smartphone market Robust growth in smart wearable products Increased uptake of Apple products in retailing Growth in Apple pay Threats Premium pricing likely to restrain growth Lawsuits and litigations Dynamic market Table 1: APPLE SWOT Analysis, source: Apple Inc SWOT Analysis, 2018 Use of robust value chain The company utilizes its value chain to create a strong distribution channels (Ketchen Short, 2011). Apple depends on primary activities and support activities to design and manufacture high quality products. Currently, the company executive chooses strategies by examining resources and capabilities. Apple Inc. relies on value chain to chat its path of designing and manufacturing products and selling products to customers (Apple Inc SWOT Analysis, 2018). Today, Apple depends on its strong and extensive distribution channels. The company uses direct and indirect distribution channels in order to reach customers, retailers, government markets, and enterprises (Apple Inc SWOT Analysis, 2018). Apart from the direct strategies, the company strategy involves using indirect distribution channels to sell through value-added resellers, third-party cellular network carriers, retailers, and wholesalers. Use of Strategic resources Resource-based theory maintains that companies rely on strategic resources to utilize opportunities of developing sustainable competitive advantage (Ketchen Short, 2011). Currently, Apple has strategic resources that act as assets. Most importantly, the company has strategic resources that are nonsubstitutable, difficult to imitate, rate, and valuable (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008). For example, for several years now, Apple has used horizontal and vertical integration to become a major competitor in computer industry. The company has multiple devices that offer horizontal integration. The company operating system cuts across different devices, applications, and contents. Customers cannot switch to other competitors because of dependence on its operating system. Apple leverages its strategy on a unique ability to design and develop own operating systems, services, software applications, and hardware. According to Birshan, Kar Parry (2012), other competitors find it difficult to imitate the company model of vertical integration. For instance, the company customizes in-house chip design, a complex and integrated hardware, software, as well as applications as a way of creating value-adding products. Use of Resources to capability Apple has tangible resources in terms of properties, equipment, and cash. Furthermore, it has strong intangible resources such as intellectual property, knowledge and skills of employees, and strong reputation. Currently, the company relies on resources to make capabilities provide excellent products (Armitage, 2015). Capabilities form part of what Apple does to capture value offered by resources. Apple commits much of its resources and attention towards developing products that meet customer needs (Apple Inc SWOT Analysis, 2018). The company has an ability to continue offering high valued products. Leaders employ skilled employees to create new technologies to strengthen already existing products. The company has successfully achieved all these through acquisition of third-party technology, licensing of its intellectual property, as well as investing heavily in RD. References Apple Inc SWOT Analysis. (2018). Apple Inc SWOT Analysis, 1-9. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=128387934site=ehost-live Armitage, J. (2015). Strategic Insights. Marketing Insights, 27(1), 22-23. Birshan, M., Kar, J., Parry, E. (2012). Becoming strategic: Three tips for any executive. Mckinsey Quarterly, (3), 60-66. Johnson, G, Scholes, K, Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy, (8th ed). Prentice Hall Ketchen, D., Short, J. (2011). Mastering strategic Management. Retrieved from ttps://www.saylor.org/site/textbooks/Mastering%20Strategic%20Management.pdf

The Dura Europos Synagogue

Table of Contents Introduction The Dura Europos Symbolic Narrative Sequential Narrative Comparative Narrative Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Jewish artists have real pieces of art works as history reveals. Jewish artists have created pieces of arts for at least the last 2,000 years. These are evident from paintings of â€Å"18th century, 500 years of making ritual objects and illustrated prayer books, haggadahs, megillas, ketubos and the extensive production of illuminated manuscripts between 1300 and 1500† (Sed-Rajna 237).  In addition, there are several pieces of arts in Israel mainly in synagogues. These reveal arts of fourth to sixth centuries (the Common Era). The origin of such works was Dura Europos.  Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Dura Europos Synagogue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Dura Europos The Dura Europos paintings represent a great deal of the Jewish art. According to Sed-Rajna, a Jewish art scholar, Jewish art portrays an iconographical language with elements of narrative language. He notes that there are three types of narrative arts as follow: Symbolic Narrative This category has murals of Joshua, Messiah, Moses ascending Mount Sinai and at the Bush, Torah niche, and Abraham and the Covenant (Sed-Rajna 229). Sequential Narrative This area has murals of the Exodus, Elijah, Ezekiel, Triumph of Mordechai, and the Valley of the Dry Bones (Sed-Rajna 230). Comparative Narratives There are paintings of the Well in the Wilderness, the Ark in the Temple of Dagon, and Tabernacle (Sed-Rajna 230). There are many categories and identifications of Dura Europos and frescos paintings. However, most of these classifications are under scholarly debates. It is only these three areas, which scholars have reached a consensus. Based on such differences, various art scholars have expressed different views on Jewish arts. For instance, some schola rs have focused on didactical and historical elements of the art. Others have considered frescos as commentary part of the official Roman art. In addition, thematic concerns usually involve Messianic elements according to Erwin. There are other different opinions on Jewish art (McBee 1). Such views only express how Jewish art can draw various meanings due to its richness.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Symbolic Narrative Torah niche is a striking part of the synagogue with various paintings, which bear different interpretations. It has murals of Jacob blessing his sons. However, much repainting has damaged the piece. This painting may depict Moses, Abraham, and Joshua at different occasions. The Torah niche has a definite figurative representation. It represents â€Å"a closed temple, temple menorah, and a lulav and esrog on the left† (McBee 1). This was the idea l form of representation for over 300 years in synagogues. On the right, there is the Binding of Isaac. We can also observe a tied ram and Abraham with a knife. â€Å"Isaac is on the altar while a hand from heaven† (McBee 1) prevents the pending sacrifice to God. Others argue that there is an insertion of Sarah standing outside the tent on the upper right of the painting. It shows Sarah’s reaction and comprehension of the ongoing events. According to Sed-Rajna, â€Å"the scene is the first attempt in Jewish art to transpose a literary account into visual form† (Sed-Rajna 239).  As a result, it signifies the change in representation from symbolic art to narrative. This mural is important because it is among many Jewish paintings attributed to sacrifice. Figure 1: the Akeida (Dura Europos (245 CE) Courtesy of National Museum, Damascus, Syria) We cannot underestimate the relevance of these murals in Jewish art. This painting was among the earliest works of art in Jewish paintings. It became a model for many synagogues for over a period of 300 years. Akeida was the pictorial narrative that focused on representing the Jewish religion in the form of painting. The painting achieved this by utilizing the local culture to reinforce the Jewish religion and the role of God and mercy in their lives. It is also interesting to note that some of the images do not represent Sarah as others do. This painting marked the start of Jewish art. This mural is complex and many scholars agree that it has a rich history, but a thorough study of Dura Europos reveals unknown mysteries. Figure 2: Akeida: Dura Europos (245 CE) Courtesy of National Museum, Damascus, Syria Sequential Narrative Most of Dura Europos paintings relied on Torah narrative in order to capture complex issues and affairs of communities. Dura Europos paintings bear the greatest representation in the Jewish art history.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Dura Euro pos Synagogue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also has various aspects of Torah subjects, which are the most outstanding form of paintings in Jewish art. However, some paintings with illuminated Haggadahs from Spain took this legacy after thousands of years. We also note that the idea of â€Å"decorated synagogue only reappeared later in the 17th century due to shuls paintings of Russia, Poland, and Lithuania† (McBee 1). Figure 3: Exodus from Egypt: Dura Europos (245 CE) Courtesy of National Museum, Damascus, Syria Dura Europos murals in synagogues also have extensive figuration. There are images, which show followers on the walls. However, according to McBee, close examinations of these images reveal that they represent â€Å"Torah figures, Abraham, Moses, Samuel, and Elijah† (McBee 1) in Roman attires. These show that such figures were statesmen and heroes of the time. However, they lead to confusion on the differe nce between Gentile and Jew. Figure 4: Rescuing Moses: Dura Europos (245 CE) Courtesy of National Museum, Damascus, Syria These murals have also presented problems in relation to factual consistencies. For instance, murals of Exodus do not concur with the narrative sequence. The Temple of Aaron during sanctification highlights â€Å"a bull about to be killed with an ax† (McBee 1). This does represent the normal Jewish tradition of slaughtering bulls. Still, on the Solomon’s Temple, the doors have decorations with pagan elements. Lastly, the painting on Rescuing Moses shows that Pharaoh’s daughter had no cloths. These variations in interpretations of Jewish art in synagogues represent various ideas, which scholars have attached to these paintings. Such differences in representation of paintings may have taken place due to borrowing of non-Jewish styles for Jewish paintings. For instance, we have the application of Zodiac that highlights God’s power over th e world by his worldly agents. This representation also has a chariot and sun. Artists combined both elements to reflect paintings of the time in the synagogue. The most represented form of painting in the Dura synagogue painting is Moses at the time of the Exodus. It occupies the upper right wall with depiction that across run from left to right. Moses is conspicuous with his soldier has he leads them out of Egypt. A closer look reveals that there is an open entrance of Egypt, which has deities. These deities show paganism in Egypt, which Israelites must leave. We also have a flat aerial view that depicts the sea. It is full of drowned Egyptian soldiers. Again, Moses leads Israelites with his rod in his stretched hand over the sea. Moses also leads Israelites across the sea as they match along 12 lanes. We also notice the ‘Hand of God’ on these paintings has it directs Moses through the Exodus event.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The artist must have been familiar with the events of the time and Jewish tradition. The Exodus painting shows Moses as he leads Israelites out of Egypt with God’s guidance. It depicts the Jewish triumph over Pharaoh’s paganism and the oppression. Figure 5: Exodus from Egypt: Dura Europos (245 CE) Courtesy of National Museum, Damascus, Syria The paintings of Dura Europos synagogue also have significance in the third century. Most scholars look at the importance of such murals in relation to their place in history. They serve the purpose of encouraging modern Jewish artist and showing them possibilities from the past. Dura Europos is the only Jewish narrative art that has â€Å"Torah, midrash and individual creativity, which span a gap of 1700 years and, with imagination, finding parallels and inspiration between their worlds† (McBee 1). A thorough review of Dura Europos paintings and frescos shows fundamental elements of early Jewish art. Torah niche employed bo th the use of symbols and narrative techniques in order to create meanings evident in the Temples. Exodus paintings reveal the triumph of Israelites against Pharaoh’s paganism and slavery. Rescuing of Moses shows Pharaoh’s daughter rescue the infant. These pieces of art works use both midrashic and Biblical elements in order capture history of the time. They also use non-Jewish elements to enhance visual features of paintings. Some of the most important paintings in Duran Europos painting are those of Elijah and Ezekiel. These paintings also attack paganism at the time. Scholars draw this conclusion by performing comparative narratives. Figure 6: Elijah on Carmel: Dura Europos (245 CE) Courtesy of National Museum, Damascus, Syria Scholars have used continuous narrative in order to explain paintings depicting Elijah. Such paintings depict divine intervention for the community and for himself. There is also the unsuccessful struggle that involves Elijah and Prophet of Ba al on Mount Carmel. We can see eight priests in their Roman attires next to the altar with the god’s sacrifice. Below the altar, there is also a small animal ambush by a snake. It represents the evil, Hiel of Ahab. He wanted to light the fire. However, the serpent from God consumed him before he could light the fire. We can also see Elijah’s sacrifice on fire. He is evoking the heavenly fire and calling for drenching of the sacrifice because of the interference by evil forces. These paintings depict a war against paganism in which God comes to the rescue of true believers. In the paintings of Ezekiel, the presence of God is eminent through the visible hands on the top of the paintings. This reflects the important prophetic role of Ezekiel among the Jews. He stands for the redemption of the entire community. The first image reveals how â€Å"Ezekiel ended up in the valley of the dry bones† (McBee 1). In the valley, we have features that represent feet, hands, and heads. Ezekiel must provide his prophecy about the importance of these features. The meaning represents coming back to life because this is the interpretation from God. Further, we also see the three angels and another one on the ground as they perform miracles. Figure 7: Ezekiel Valley of Dry Bones: Dura Europos (245 CE) Courtesy of National Museum, Damascus, Syria We also notice Ezekiel adorned in Roman attire in another part of the painting. This represents the return of ten tribes that disappeared. These are the ten men with Ezekiel. It also shows resurrection of Israelites during the period of Ezekiel. The presence of the ‘Hand of God’ is also conspicuous in this painting. Scholars claim that these paintings highlight the role of God in resurrection of Israelites as a nation and individuals after their deaths. According to Elsner, â€Å"one fundamental theme to the Dura murals is something called Cultural Resistance (Elsner 269).  Elsner argue that Jewish paint ings rebuked cult religion that was in Dura. Therefore, these paintings aimed to eliminate paganism and restore the Jewish monotheism among people who were losing their cultural identity. Figure 8: Aaron’s Temple: Dura Europos (245 CE) Courtesy of National Museum, Damascus, Syria Such paintings in the synagogue dispel the claims that Jewish did not allow visual images in the synagogue. Scholars consider this prohibition has the most misunderstood part commandment in relation to arts. They point out that it refers to the creation of idols and not artistic representations in arts. However, the interpretation this command often varied with time. This because others followed it strictly while others gave a loose interpretation. In this context, we can argue that earliest works of Jewish celebrated art works and used visual arts as ways of honoring God. This was the purpose of paintings in the Dura Europos synagogue. Therefore, we can see how religion influenced lives of Jewish th rough arts. Comparative Narrative From the comparative, we look at the Aaron’s Temple and the Miraculous Well. The paintings depict variations in Jewish arts. We have the Ark and the Dagon Temple in which we interpret a message of victory. Other paintings depict rigid systems with no human beings present. Such paintings represent broad ideas and schematic representation. Scholars consider such images as non-Jewish because of the pagan elements on the closed door. Therefore, it is a wasteland in which no religion or life can thrive. The comparative narrative aimed to depict that paganism did not stand a chance in the Jewish land because of the destruction of the idols. Conclusion The Dura Europos has demonstrated the three interpretations of the paintings in the synagogue. These are various narratives like symbolic, continuous, and comparative. These paintings are complex, and we can only understand them through classification. This is because the paintings involve a number of elements from both the Bible and the midrash. In addition, we also have to deal with the artist’s point of view. The artists have depicted ‘Hands of God’ to mark his presence in most of the events of the Jewish. Such Jewish arts show possibilities that paintings can capture with imaginative approaches. We have to understand various figures, attires, and motifs of the paintings, which give us rich imageries and depictions of Jewish art. The Dura Europos represents the earliest work of arts by Jewish. Scholars and artists have to start from this foundation in order to understand contemporary works of Jewish arts. Therefore, Dura Europos paintings shaped the way for future arts of Jewish. Works Cited Elsner, Jas. â€Å"Cultural Resistance and the Visual Image: The Case of Dura Europos.† Classical Philology, 96.3 (2001): 269-304. Print. McBee, Richard. Dura Europos Project II at UJA New York . 6 July 2010. Web. http://www.jewishartsalon.com/2012/03/dura-europ os-project-ii-at-uja-new-york.html. Sed-Rajna, Gabrielle. Ancient Jewish Art: East and West. Secaucus, NJ : Chartwell Books, 1985. Print. This research paper on The Dura Europos Synagogue was written and submitted by user Faith Hodge to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.